Journal of Technology in Aerospace Engineering

Journal of Technology in Aerospace Engineering

Design and Optimization of the Wing Fence of a Lambda-Shaped Aircraft Model to Reduce the Rolling Moment Coefficient

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
1 M. Sc. Student, Professor, Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
One of the main propositions of predictive maintenance is Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), which plays a special role in identifying, diagnosing, and predicting the health status of physical assets. To that end, one of the fundamental solutions is to assess the condition of the equipment in the aviation sector in order to provide maintenance plans by determining the trend of deterioration or destruction. In this study, a developed model of an artificial neural network was presented, focusing on the concept of deep learning and its comparison with other conventional methods in response to the limitations and uncertainties in conventional prediction methods in determining the deterioration process of the equipment. The comparative results revealed that the deep learning neural network method with a prediction accuracy of 94% had a high performance in determining the deterioration process in aircraft turbine engines compared to other conventional methods. The findings of this study can be used to predict the remaining useful life of aviation industry equipment as well as to provide appropriate maintenance programs.
Keywords
Subjects

[1] M. K. Sobhani, M. Dehghani Manshadi, M. Bazzazzadeh, and M. Ilbeygi, "Experimental investigation of the flow field over a non-slender lambda shaped wing by pressure measurement," Journal of Aeronautical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 10-21, 2015.
[2] I. Gursul, R. Gordnier, and M. Visbal, "Unsteady aerodynamis of nonslender delta wings," Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 515-557, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.09.002
[3] N. Qin, A. Vavalle, A. Le Moigne, M. Laban, K. Hackett, and P. Weinerfelt, " Aerodynamic considerations of blended wing body aircraft," Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 321-343, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.08.001.
[4] M. Navabi and E. Kakavand, "Combined model-reference adaptive controller for coordinated turn of a tailless aircraft," Modares Mechanical Engineering, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 117-127, 2016, (in Persian).
[5] E. Lakzian et al., "Investigation of the effect of water droplet injection on condensation flow of different nozzles geometry," The European Physical Journal Plus, vol. 137, no. 5, 2022, Art. no. 613, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02812-6
[6] S. M. Adams and C. J. Friedland, "A survey of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usage for imagery collection in disaster research and management," in 9th International Workshop On Remote Sensing For Disaster Response, Stanford, California, USA, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[7] Z. J. Li and D. L. Ma, "Control characteristics analysis of split-drag-rudder," in Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 472, 2014, pp. 185-190, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.472.185 .
[8] G. Stenfelt and U. Ringertz, "Lateral stability and control of a tailless aircraft configuration," Journal of Aircraft, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2161-2164, 2009,  https://doi.org/10.2514/1.41092.
[9] J. Rajput, W. G. Zhang, and X. B. Qu, "A differential configuration of split drag-rudders with variable bias for directional control of flying-wing," Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 643, pp. 54-59, 2014,  https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.643.54.
[10] I. Gursul, R. Gordnier, and M. Visbal, "Unsteady aerodynamics of nonslender delta wings," Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 515-557, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.09.002.
[11 R. L. T. Bevan, D. J. Poole, C. B. Allen, and T. C. S. Rendall, "Adaptive surrogate-based optimization of vortex generators for tiltrotor geometry," Journal of Aircraft, vol. 54, no.3, pp. 1011-1024, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C033838.
[12] R. Barrett and S. Farokhi, "On the aerodynamics and performance of active vortex generators," in 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference, Monterey, CA, U.S.A, 1993, Paper 3447, CP-3477, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3447 .
[13] F. Neitzel and J. Klonowski, "Mobile 3D mapping with a low-cost UAV system," The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XXXVIII-1/C22, pp. 39-44, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-1-C22-39-2011.
[14] Jr. W. A. Newsom, D. R. Satran, and Jr. J. L. Johnson, "Effects of wing-leading-edge modifications on a full-scale, low-wing general aviation airplane: Wind-tunnel investigation of high-angle-of-attack aerodynamic characteristics," NASA Technical Reports Server, Tech. Rep. L-15101, 1983.
[15] J. K. Dickson and F. B. Sutton, "The effect of wing height on the longitudinal characteristics at high subsonic speeds of a wing-fuselage-tail combination having a wing with 40 degrees of sweepback and NACA four-digit thickness distribution," National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, USA, Rep. NACA-RM-A55C30, 1955.
[16] C. Papadopoulos, S. Ioannidou, P. Panagiotou, and K Yakinthosal, "Numerical investigation of the impact of tubercles and wing fences on the aerodynamic behaviour of a fixed-wing, tactical Blended-Wing-Body UAV platform," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1226, no. 1, 2022, Paper 012015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1226/1/012015.
[17] A. C. Demoret, "The effect of passive and active boundary-layer fences on delta wing performance at low reynolds number," M. S. thesis, Department of the Air Force Air University, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 2020.
[18] F. Pazooki, A. Zibafar, and M. Rahmati Lish, "Optimization and design of general aviation aircrafts wing using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms II," Journal of Aeronautical Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 100-115, 2021, https://doi.org/10.22034/joae.2021.303370.1055.
[19] K. Iba, "Reactive power optimization by genetic algorithm," IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 9, pp. 685-692, 1994, https://doi.org/10.1109/59.317674.
[20] R. Perez, H. Liu, and K. Behdinan, "flight dynamics and control multidisciplinary integration in aircraft conceptual design optimization," in 10th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, New York, 2004, Paper 4435, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4435.
[21] L. Cavagna, S. Ricci, L. Riccobene, A. Bérard, and A. Rizzi, " A fast MDO tool for aeroelastic optimization in aircraft conceptual design," In 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 2008, Paper 5911, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5911.
[22] A. Ghorbani and S. M. B. Malaek, "Airplane conceptual design based on genetic algorithm," Journal of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 101-114, 2005.
[23] J. J. Alonso, P. LeGresley, and V. Pereyra, "Aircraft design optimization," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 1948-58, 2009,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2007.07.001.
[24] J. Yoon, N. Nguyen, S. M. Choi, J. W. Lee, S. Kim, and Y. H. Byun, "Multidisciplinary general aviation aircraft design optimizations incorporating airworthiness constraints," in 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference, Fort Worth, Texas, 2010,  Paper 9304, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-9304.
[25] V. Singh, S. K. Sharma, and S. Vaibhav, "Transport aircraft conceptual design optimization using real coded genetic algorithm," International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 2016, no. 1, 2016, Art. no. 2813541, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2813541.
[26] G. G. Wang and S. Shan, "Review of metamodeling techniques in support of engineering design optimization," in International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Volume 1: 32nd Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2006, pp. 415-426, https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2006-99412.
[27] M. A. Oliver, "An overview of geostatistics and precision agriculture," in Geostatistical Applications for Precision Agriculture, M. A. Oliver, Ed. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2010, pp. 1-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9133-8_1.
[28] J. P. Chilès and N. Desassis, "Fifty years of kriging," Handbook of mathematical geosciences: Fifty years of IAMG, Cham, Switzerland, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 589-612.
[29] C. Sun, B. Song, P. Wang, and X. Wang, "Shape optimization of blended-wing-body underwater glider by using gliding range as the optimization target," International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 693-704, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2016.12.003.
[30] S. A. I. Bellary, A. Samad, I. Couckuyt, and T. Dhaene, "A comparative study of kriging variants for the optimization of a turbomachinery system," Engineering with Computers, vol. 32, pp. 49-59, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-015-0398-x.
[31] X. Zhao, Y. Yang, and X. Ma, "Kriging aerodynamic modeling and multi-objective control allocation for flying wing UAVs with morphing trailing-edge," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 62394-62404, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3073592.
[32] N. Namura, S. Obayashi, and S. Jeong, "Efficient global optimization of vortex generators on a supercritical infinite wing," Journal of Aircraft, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1670-1679, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C033753.
[33] T. Phiboon et al., "Experiment and computation multi-fidelity multi-objective airfoil design optimization of fixed-wing UAV," Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 4065-4072, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0818-3.
[34] R. K. Kelayeh and M. H. Djavareshkian, "Aerodynamic investigation of twist angle variation based on wing smarting for a flying wing," Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 201-216, 2021,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.06.022.
[35] A. Madani, M. H. Moghimi Esfandabadi, and M. H. Javareshkian, "Investigating the effect of the placement of the split drag rudder control system along the wing span of a flying wing aircraft on rolling and yawing moments," Aerospace Knowledge and Technology Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 25-37, 2023, (in Persian).
[36] M. Tomac and G. Stenfelt, "Predictions of stability and control for a flying wing, "Aerospace Science and Technology, vol. 39, pp. 179-186, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.09.007.

  • Receive Date 15 June 2023
  • Revise Date 25 July 2023
  • Accept Date 30 July 2023
  • First Publish Date 06 August 2023