[1] S. Li, S. Wang, and L. Luo, “
A cooled turbine blade design and optimization method considering the cooling structure influence.” Physics of Fluids, vol.
36, no. 1, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0179006.
[2] L. Xu,
et al., “Optimization design of lattice structures in intenal cooling channel with variable aspect ratio of gas turbine blade.”
Energies, 2021. vol. 14, no. 13, 2021, p. 395,
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133954.
[3]
L. Luo, B. Sunden, and S. Wang, “Optimization of the blade profile and cooling structure in a gas turbine stage considering both the aerodynamics and heat transfer.” Heat Transfer Research, vol. 46, no. 7, 2015, pp. 599-629,
http://doi.org/10.1615/HeatTransRes.2015012370.
[4]
Z. Zhao, Lei Luo, Shouzuo Li, Dandan Qiu, Songtao Wang, and Songtao Wang, “Cooling structure design of gas turbine blade by using multi-level highly efficient design platform. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:” Journal of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 235, no. 5, 2021, pp. 600-618, https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410020951680.
[5] A.S. Farahani, and et al., “
Power generation gas turbine performance enhancement in hot ambient temperature conditions through axial compressor design optimization,” Applied Thermal Engineering,. vol. 236, part c, Art. no. 121733, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121733.
[6]
K. Hu, et al., “Optimization of turbine blade trailing edge cooling using self-organized geometries and multi-objective approaches.” Energy, vol. 289, Art. no. 130013, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.130013.
[7]
Q. Ruan, L. Xu, L, Xi, D. Ren,
J. Gao, and Y, Li, “Optimization design and experimental research on cooling performance of U-shaped latticework cooling structure with perforations used for
gas turbine blade,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 247, Art. no. 123044, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123044.
[8]
K. Yeranee, Yu Rao, Qiuru Zuo, and Jiajun Xie, “Thermal performance enhancement for gas turbine blade trailing edge cooling with topology-optimized printable diamond TPMS lattice.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 110, Art. no. 109649, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109649.
[9] Zh. Shi, Ch. Liu, Y. Jia, X. He, G. Xia, and Y. Liu, “Optimizing Film Cooling Hole Arrangement Along Conjugate Isotherms on Turbine Vanes: A Combined Numerical and Experimental Investigation.”
Processes, vol. 13, no. 10, 2025,
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103344.
[10] P. Naimish Sanjaybhai, “Internal Cooling of Gas Turbine Blade With High Performance Features Under High Reynolds Number Condition.” Degree Doctor of Philosophy, Discipline Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2025.
[11] N. Pandya, and S.V. Ekkad. “Thermohydraulic performance analysis in square duct featuring novel high-performance broken ribs and ribs with fins for high Reynolds number gas turbine blade internal cooling.”i
n Conference Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Publisher American Society of Mechanical Engineers. vol. 88070, Paper No: GT2024-129536, V12CT32A057, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-129536.
[12] S. Say, A.S. Dhaker, and W.T. Chow, “V-Spline Design for Enhanced Performance in Turbine Blade Internal Cooling.”
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, vol. 147, no
. 6, Art. no. 061008, 2025,
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066828.
[13] R. Amano, F. Nourin, and M.T. Raihan, “Effect of Buoyancy and Density Ratio on
Heat Transfer in the Internal Cooling Channel of a Gas Turbine Blade
with Dimples.” International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2025056859
[14] A. Sistaninia, S.A.G. Nassab, and A. Namjoo, “
Feasibility Study on Designing a Heat Pipe to Reduce the Air Temperature in the Compressor of a Gas Turbine.” Heat Transfer, vol. 54, Issue 8, 2025, pp. 4856-4875,
https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.70033.
[15]
Y, Zhang, B, Guo, X, Liu, J. Luo, Sh. Zhang,W. Hu “Sampling-efficient design optimization for categorical configurations and application to turbine
blade cooling structures.” Engineering Optimization, 2024, Pages 2846-2868 https://doi.org/10.1080/0305215X.2024.2418969.
[16] V.-H Nguyen,., et al., “
Numerical investigation of the flows and heat transfer characteristics of internal cooling channels with separated ribs in gas turbine blades.” Physics of Fluids, vol. 36, no. 3, Art. no. 035112, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0183192.
[17]
Can, İ., et al., “Cooling System Analysis of Gas Turbine Blades Manufactured Using Different Material Types.” International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 108-116, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0183192.
[18]
Y., Sun, X. Fan, J. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Cheng, and L Luoand, Y. Li, “Numerical research of a new pipe network cooling scheme without film holes for the gas turbine blade mid-chord region.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 214, Art. no. 109860, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109860.
[19] A. El Halim Ferrak, R. Manaa, and K. Faiza, “Thermomechanical Analysis of a Gas Turbine Blade in Composite Materials with a Ceramic (Al2O3) Coated.” Journal of Composite and Advanced Materials/Revue des Composites et des Matériaux Avancés, vol. 34, no.3, pp. 331-338, 2024, https://inis.iaea.org/records/qjm3y-1e031.
[20] A. Elmenshawy “Investigation of performance improvement of gas turbine engine by optimized design of blade turbine cooling channels.” Doctoral Thesis, Publisher RTU Press, Latvia, 2024.
[21] E. Hejll and O. Johansson, “Parametrization and Automated Modelling of Cooling Channels in Turbine Blades.” 2025.
[22] S. Kim, Y. Gap Park, S. Youl Yoon, M. Yeong Ha, and J. Kee Min, “Heat transfer enhancement for gas turbine blade internal cooling with lattice structured rib.”
ASME Turbo Expo. Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, London, United Kingdom, International Gas Turbine Institute, 2024. American Society of Mechanical Engineer,
https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-122753.
[23] M d. Tarif Raihan, “
Analysing the Internal Cooling Technique in Gas Turbine Blades: a Study Using Rib Turbulators Through Experimental and Large Eddy Simulation Method.”, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.172801438.85984858/v1.
[24] Hylton, L., et al., Analytical and experimental evaluation of the heat transfer distribution over the surfaces of turbine vanes. Final Report Detroit Diesel Allison, Indianapolis, IN.1983.
[25] Naderzadeh, H., “Geometric and structural redesign of indoor air ducts for cooling c3x blades.” . Master’s thesis, Amirkabir University of Technology, 2018.
