چالش‌های معدن‌کاوی سیارکی از دیدگاه فنی، اقتصادی و حقوقی

نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، دانشکده مهندسی هوافضا، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، دانشکده مهندسی هوافضا، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این مقاله به تحلیل ظرفیت بالقوة سیارک‌ها در تأمین مواد و منابع معدنی از سه دیدگاه فنی، اقتصادی و حقوقی پرداخته است. بدین منظور سیارک‌های نزدیک زمین که دسترس‌پذیری بهتری دارند، به عنوان کاندیدای معدن‌کاوی در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. علاوه بر مرور مسائل فنی، ارزیابی اقتصادی برای دو عنصر پلاتینیوم و طلا ارائه شده است که نتایج بیانگر به صرفه بودن صنعت معدن‌کاوی فضایی تحت شرایط مفروض است. مهمترین چالش پیش‌رو در شکل‌گیری این حوزه مسائل فنی و به صرفه بودن اقتصادی نیست، بلکه خلاء‌های قانونی و حقوقی است که ریسک سرمایه‌گذاری را بالا برده و بهره‌برداران و سرمایه‌گذاران را دچار سردرگمی و ابهام می‌کند. با این وجود، بهره‌برداری از سیارک‌های نزدیک زمین از نظر فنی امکان‌پذیر بوده و این مسئله در آینده نزدیک با توجه به رشد و بلوغ فناوری فضایی، نیاز بشر به فلزات و مواد معدنی، کمبود آن بر روی زمین و افزایش هزینه‌های استخراج، مورد توجه طیف وسیعی از دولت‌ها و شرکت‌های خصوصی قرار خواهد گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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