نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

نویسنده

استادیار، پژوهشگاه هوافضا، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان مکانیسم های متفاوتی برای درک محرک های محیطی و پاسخ به آن را دارا می باشند. جاذبه یکی از مهمترین محرک های محیطی است که جهت رشد گیاه را کنترل می نماید و گیاهان قادرند به طور دائم با آن سازگاری یابند. جاذبه گرایی را می توان به چهار مرحله تقسیم نمود: 1) درک بردار جاذبه توسط سلول های اختصاصی؛ 2) تبدیل محرک مکانیکی به یک سیگنال بیوشیمیایی 3) انتقال سیگنال بیوشیمیایی از سلول های اختصاصی درک جاذبه به منطقه پاسخ به جاذبه؛ و 4) رشد افتراقی منطقه پاسخ به جاذبه برای تعیین جهت رشد با توجه به بردار جاذبه. تاکنون مدل های مختلفی برای تبدیل محرک فیزیکی جاذبه به یک سیگنال بیوشیمیایی پیشنهاد شده است. از مهمترین این مدل ها می توان به مدل استاتولیت- نشاسته اشاره نمود. مطالعه حاضر به اختصار به نحوه سازگاری گیاهان به گرانش و همچنین به شرح مدل های مختلف پاسخ به جاذبه در گیاهان می پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Plants and Graviperception

نویسنده [English]

  • Fateme Mousavi

Assistant Professor, Aerospace research Institute, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Plants have different mechanisms for understanding and responding to environmental stimuli cues. Gravity is one of the most important directional environmental cues to control growth direction, that plants can permanently adapt to it. Gravitropism can be divided into four steps: 
1) Perception of the gravity vector by specialized cells, 
2) The transduction of the mechanical stimulus into a biochemical signal, 
3)Transmission of biochemical signal from the specialized gravity-perception cells to the responsive zone, 
 4)Differential growth of the responsive zone to orient the direction of growth in regard to the gravity vector. 
Heretofore, several models have been proposed to transduce the physical stimulus of gravity into a biochemical signal. One of the most important of these models is Starch-Statolith Hypothesis. The present paper briefly describes the adaptation of terrestrial plants to gravity as well as various models of plants response to gravity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gravity
  • Gravitropism
  • Plant
  • Statocyte
  • Statolith
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