نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

نویسنده

استادیار، پژوهشگاه هوافضا، وزارت علوم تحقیقات و فناوری ، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

میکروگراویتی و تشعشعات کیهانی از تنش‌های محیط فضا هستند که می‌توانند سبب آسیب DNA در موجودات زنده شوند. تشعشعات مستقیماً از طریق فعل و انفعال ذرات باردار با ملکول DNA و یا بطور غیر مستقیم با تولید رادیکال‌های آزاد به DNA سلول آسیب می‌رسانند. به‌علاوه، تشعشعات می‌تواند سبب تغییر ترکیبات دیوارة سلولی، فعال‌شدن آنزیم‌های جاروب‌کنندة رادیکال‌های آزاد و تجمع ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدان شود. گرچه گیاهان دارای سازوکارهای تکامل یافته‌ای برای مقابله با چنین آسیب‌هایی هستند، شرایط فضا به ویژه میکروگراویتی می‌تواند در اصلاح و تعمیر آسیب DNA نقش داشته باشد. آسیب‌های شدید DNA می‌تواند سبب شکسته شدن دو رشته DNA، ایجاد کروموزوم‌های غیر نرمال و تشکیل میکروهستک‌ها شده و خطر مرگ سلولی را افزایش دهد. در این پژوهش، تأثیر تنش‌های محیط فضایی بر آسیب DNA و سازوکارهای پاسخی در شرایط پرتاب‌ و یا شبیه‌سازی شده بررسی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Space Environmental Stresses on DNA Damage and Stress Response Mechanisms in Plants

نویسنده [English]

  • Halimeh Hassanpour

Assistant Professor . Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Microgravity and cosmic radiation are the space environmental stresses which can cause DNA damage in living organisms. Radiations injuries the cell DNA directly through the interaction of charged particles with DNA molecules or indirectly by the production of free radicals. In addition, radiation can alter cell wall composition, activate free radical scavenging enzymes, and accumulate antioxidant compounds. Although plants have evolved some mechanisms to deal with the damages, space conditions, especially microgravity can play a role in repairing DNA damage. More DNA damages can induce double strand breaks of DNA, chromosome abnormality, micro-nuclei formation, and increase the risk of cell death. In this study, the effect of space environmental stresses on DNA damage and response mechanisms will be investigated in space flight or simulated conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Radiation
  • Microgravity
  • DNA Damage
  • Phenolic Compounds
  • Antioxidant Enzymes
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