نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی
نویسنده
مرکز زیست فضا و محیط زیست، پژوهشگاه هوافضا، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اتمسفر سیاره سرخ یا مریخ شامل 95 درصد دی اکسیدکربن، 3 درصد نیتروژن، 1.6 درصد آرگون و تنها مقدار کمی اکسیژن می‌باشد و از نظر غلظت حدود یک درصد اتمسفر سیاره زمین است که عملا سکونت و بقای انسان را در مریخ ناممکن می‌سازد. این امر چالشی بزرگ را برای سفر به مریخ و اقامت در آن ایجاد نموده‌است. بنابراین جستجوی راهکاری که بتواند به صورت پایدار اکسیژن لازم را برای بقا موجودات زنده و بویژه انسان در جو مریخ فراهم آورد ضروری می‌باشد. فتوسنتز مهمترین واکنش بیوشیمیایی است که تقریبا تمام حیات به آن وابسته‌است. این فرآیند پیچیده در گیاهان عالی، جلبک‌ها و برخی از باکتری‌ها نظیر سیانوباکتری‌ها رخ می‌دهد. با توجه به درصد بسیار پایین اکسیژن در جو مریخ به نظر می‌رسد استفاده از گونه‌های فتوسنتز کننده بی هوازی و متحمل به شرایط نامناسب اکولوژیکی نظیر سیانوباکتری‌ها بتواند اکسیژن مورد نیاز سیاره سرخ را تامین نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Anaerobic Photosynthesizers and their Potential to Create a Biosphere on the Surface of the Red Planet
نویسنده [English]
- Fateme Mousavi
Space Biology and Environment center, Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The atmosphere of the Red Planet or Mars contains 95% of carbon dioxide, 3% of nitrogen, 1.6% of argon and only a small amount of oxygen, and in terms of concentration is about one percent of the planet's atmosphere, which makes it virtually impossible for humans to live and survive on Mars. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution that can provide the necessary oxygen for the survival of living organisms, especially humans, in the Martian atmosphere. Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on which almost all life depends. This complex process occurs in higher plants, algae and some bacteria such as cyanobacteria. Due to the very low percentage of oxygen in the Martian atmosphere, it seems that the use of photosynthetic species that are anaerobic and tolerant of adverse ecological conditions such as cyanobacteria can provide the oxygen needed by the Red Planet.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mars
- Cyanobacteria
- Photosynthesis
- Origin life
- RNA
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