فناوری در مهندسی هوافضا

فناوری در مهندسی هوافضا

مروری بر کنترل وضعیت ماهواره‌های سنجش از دور انعطاف‌پذیر

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان
محمد ضرورتی 1
مریم ملک زاده 2
1 دکترا، دانشکده مهندسی هوافضا، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی هوافضا، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران
10.22034/jtae.2026.570322.1441
چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر نسل جدیدی از ماهواره‌های سنجش از دور با ظرفیت جمع‌آوری تصویر بالا و هدف‌گیری سریع توسعه یافته‌اند. برای ماهواره‌های سنجش از دور، قابلیت‌هایی نظیر مانور سریع، دقت بالای نشانه‌روی و پایداری وضعیت از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار می‌باشد. همچنین، با گسترش استفاده از سازه‌های بزرگ و انعطاف‌پذیر مانند پنل‌های خورشیدی و آنتن‌ها در این ماهواره‌ها، پدیده‌های دینامیکی ناشی از انعطاف‌پذیری سازه به یکی از مسائل اصلی در طراحی و پیاده‌سازی زیرسیستم کنترل وضعیت تبدیل شده است. این مقاله ابتدا چالش‌ها و ساختارهای مرسوم کنترل وضعیت ماهواره‌های انعطاف‌پذیر را بررسی می‌کند. سپس مروری بر روش‌های مدل‌سازی دینامیکی ماهواره‌های انعطاف‌پذیر ارائه شده و دقت، کارایی محاسباتی و مناسب‌بودن آن‌ها برای طراحی کنترل مورد تحلیل قرار می‌گیرد. در این راستا، ویژگی‌های دینامیکی ماهواره‌های انعطاف‌پذیر و کوپلینگ بین حرکت جسم صلب و مدهای ارتعاشی سازه تشریح می‌شود. در ادامه، رویکردهای مختلف کنترلی و روش‌های مدرن مبتنی بر کنترل بهینه، شبکه عصبی، کنترل غیرخطی، کنترل مقاوم و کنترل تطبیقی بررسی می‌شوند. مزایا و محدودیت‌های هر یک از روش‌ها از نظر دقت کنترل، مقاوم بودن در برابر عدم‌قطعیت و اغتشاشات خارجی، عدم‌وجود فراجهش، امکان انجام مانور تصویربرداری سریع و قابلیت پیاده‌سازی مقایسه می‌شوند. علاوه بر این، مسائل عملی مانند روش‌های حذف ارتعاشات از جمله کنترل فعال و شکل‏دهی فرمان مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. در انتها، توصیه‌هایی جهت طراحی استراتژی‌های مناسب کنترل وضعیت و حذف ارتعاشات در ماهواره‌های انعطاف‌پذیر سنجش از دور ارائه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ماهواره‌های سنجش از دور
کنترل وضعیت
سازه‌های انعطاف‌پذیر
مانور سریع
حذف ارتعاشات
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Review on Attitude Control of Flexible Remote Sensing Satellites

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Zarourati 1
Maryam Malekzadeh 2
1 Department of Aerospace Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Currently, a new generation of remote sensing satellites with high image collection capacity and rapid targeting is being developed. For remote sensing satellites, capabilities such as rapid maneuvering, high pointing accuracy, and attitude stability are critical. Moreover, with the increasing use of large and flexible structures, such as solar panels and antennas, in satellites, dynamic phenomena arising from structural flexibility have become one of the main issues in the design and implementation of the attitude control subsystem. This study first examines the challenges and conventional architectures of attitude control for flexible satellites. Subsequently, a review of dynamic modeling methods for flexible satellites is provided, analyzing their accuracy, computational efficiency, and suitability for control design. In this context, the dynamic characteristics of flexible satellites and the coupling between rigid-body motion and structural vibration modes are investigated. The paper then reviews various control approaches and modern methods based on optimal control, neural networks, nonlinear control, robust control, and adaptive control. The advantages and limitations of each method are compared in terms of control accuracy, robustness to uncertainties and external disturbances, absence of overshoot, possibility of performing rapid imaging maneuvers, and implementability. Furthermore, practical issues such as vibration suppression methods, including active control and input shaping, are discussed. Finally, recommendations are presented to develop effective strategies for attitude control and vibration suppression in flexible remote sensing satellites.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Remote sensing satellites
Attitude control
Flexible structures
Rapid maneuver
Vibration suppression
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